Michael,
When I ran your example locally I found that the values for your weekly sampled data wasn't all NaN's, however there were very few (68) non-NaN values,.
I used the following snippet to extract which date the non-NaN values.
rsi_values = talib.RSI(sp5['Close'], timeperiod=10)
rsi = pd.Series(index=sp5.index, data=rsi)
rsi.valid()
I haven't fully dived into RSI, but like MACD it may have an unstable period, http://ta-lib.org/d_api/ta_setunstableperiod.html
In general, I've found it easier to work with TA-Lib when the data set passed in is close to the same size as the timeperiod specified.
Also, I cobbled together the attached example, using our new history API, which I think gets close to the weekly RSI on S&P.
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