How can False and True = True? Please disregard my labels and titles, my issue is with trying to understand the output of my result set. The and operator used to combine factors isn't behaving as I expect. When you run it you can see my table has many rows where False and True = True. Every other boolean operation seems correct but I can't make sense of the first row for ARNC for instance. What am I missing? Any help would be appreciated.